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Bronchiolitis
Preview Questions What is the recommended management of bronchiolitis according to the American Academy of Pediatrics? What is the most common pathogen responsible for bronchiolitis? What happens to the airways in bronchiolitis? Which patients require admission to hospital? When is Palivizumab considered? About Bronchiolitis Bronchiolitis is the most common reason for infants to be hospitalized during the first year of life Bronchiolitis is most often seen in infants 3 to 6 months old Bronchiolitis Pathogens causing Bronchiolitis Bronchiolitis is most often due to viral infection of the lower respiratory tract. The most common virus responsible for bronchiolitis is respiratory syncytial virus (RSV). Other viruses that can cause bronchiolitis include human…
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Aspiration Pneumonia
Caused by anaerobes e.g. Peptostreptococcus, Fusobacterium, Bacteroides, Prevotella Risk factors include an altered level of consciousness which is often due to: seizures, brain injury, dementia generalized anesthesia or sedation drug or alcohol intoxication elderly Aspiration most often occurs on the right side because the right main stem bronchus is larger and more vertical than the left Symptoms can include cough, fever, dyspnea on exertion Aspiration pneumonia often leads to lung abscesses
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Atrial Fibrillation (Afib)
Acute atrial fibrillation with rapid ventricular rate If patient is experiencing symptoms get an IV placed and cardiac monitoring started If the patient is hemodynamically unstable give them synchronized cardioversion with rapid ventricular rate the goal is to get the heart rate below 110 bpm, and this is done with rate control medications. Find out if they have heart failure (acute decompensated heart failure) – if yes, then they will usually get digoxin or amiodarone. If no, then a calcium channel blocker like diltiazem or a beta-blocker like metoprolol If they received electrical cardioversion they will need anticoagulation for 1 month Chronic Atrial fibrillation Rate and Rhythm control have similar…
